Anhydrite, Calcite and Chalcedony

ID	650
Mineral	Anhydrite Calcite Chalcedony
Location	Iraí - Rio Grande Do Sul - Brazil
Fluorescence	LW-UV: close SW-UV: close
Mindat.org	View Anhydrite information at mindat.org View Calcite information at mindat.org View Chalcedony information at mindat.org

Mindat data

ID	234
Long ID	1:1:234:1
Formula	`CaS⁶⁺O₄`
IMA Status	APPROVED GRANDFATHERED
Description	Isostructural with Ferruccite; isostructural and isomorphous with α-BaSO4 and α-SrSO4. Readily alters to gypsum.
Other Occurrences	Sedimentary evaporite deposits, cap rock of salt domes.
Discovery Year	1804
Diapheny	Transparent,Translucent
Cleavage	On {010} perfect; on {100} nearly perfect; on {001} good to imperfect.
Tenacity	brittle
Colour	Colourless, bluish, blue-grey, violet, burgundy-red, white, rose-pink, brownish, reddish, grey, dark grey; colourless in transmitted light
Hardness (min)	3.0
Hardness (max)	3.5
Lustre	Vitreous, greasy
About the name	Named in 1804 by Abraham Gottlob Werner from the Greek άνυδρος ("anhydros") meaning "without water", in allusion to the lack of water in its composition, in contrast to gypsum, which contains water.
Streak	White, off-white, greyish
Crystal System	Orthorhombic
Cleavage Type	Perfect
Fracture type	Irregular/Uneven,Splintery
Morphology	Crystals equant, or nearly so, with large pinacoidal faces. Also thick tabular on {010}, {100}, or {001}; commonly elongated on [100], [010] or [001]. Massive. Fine granular to scaly; fibrous (either parallel, radiated or plumose) and frequently curved. Contorted concretionary forms (bowel stone).
Twinning	1.) On {011} as contact twins and polysynthetic lamellae (may be produced by heating or pressure); 2.) On {120} as contact twins, rare.
UV	Can show fluorescence under LW and/or SW. For example: bluish white response to SW: https://www.mindat.org/photo-1254482.html
Thermal Behaviour	Inverts to α-CaSO4 at 1193°C. Melting Point = ~ 1450°C. Before the blowpipe, fuses at 3, coloring the flame reddish yellow, giving an enamel-like bead which reacts alkaline.
Comment Luster	Pearly on {010}
shortcode_ima	Anh

ID	859
Long ID	1:1:859:4
Formula	`CaCO₃`
IMA Status	APPROVED GRANDFATHERED
Description	Calcite Group. Calcite-Rhodochrosite Series. A very common and widespread mineral with highly variable forms and colours. Calcite is best recognized by its relatively low Mohs hardness (3) and its high reactivity with even weak acids, such as vinega...
Other Occurrences	Found in most geologic settings and as a later forming replacement mineral in most other environments in one form or another, it is most common as massive material in limestones and marbles. It forms as chemical sedimentary deposits as limestone, can be regionally or contact metamorphosed into marbles and rarely forms igneous rocks (carbonatites). Also is a common gangue mineral in hydrothermal deposits.
Industrial	Mined extensively for a wide variety of uses ranging from lime (cement) to limestone and marble building stones and aggregates, agricultural supplements and optical calcite.
Diapheny	Transparent,Translucent
Cleavage	Perfect on {10_11}.
Tenacity	brittle
Colour	White, Yellow, Red, Orange, Blue, Green, Brown, Gray etc.
Hardness (min)	3.0
Hardness (max)	3.0
Luminescence	Fluorescent
Lustre	Vitreous
About the name	Ancient name. Named as a mineral by Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the elder) in 79 from Calx, Latin for Lime.
Streak	White
Crystal System	Trigonal
Cleavage Type	Perfect
Fracture type	Conchoidal
Morphology	Over 800 different forms have been described. Most commonly as acute rhombohedrons or prismatic with scalenohedral terminations, or combinations of the two.
Twinning	At least four twin laws have been described, the most common being when the twin plane and the composition plane are {01_12}. Also common with twinning on {0001} with {0001} as the compositional surface, producing re-entrant angles. Uncommon with {10_11} or {02_21} as twin planes, producing somewhat heart-shaped crystals ("butterfly" twins).
UV	May be fluorescent under LW UV, mid-range UV or SW UV as well as under X-rays, cathode rays and even sunlight, in a number of colors and shades, commonly an intense red under SW with Mn as an activator (such as at Franklin, New Jersey, USA, and Långban in Sweden. The yellow series exhibits blue–white fluorescence, together with a short-lived green phosphorescent afterglow after removal of the excitation source, whereas the pink series shows stable orange–red fluorescence with much weaker afterglow behavior. [[1]]
Comment Luster	Pearly on cleavage and {0001}. Can be dull or earthy in chalk variety.
shortcode_ima	Cal

ID	960
Long ID	1:1:960:9
Variety of	3337
Entry type	2
Other Occurrences	Very common. As nodules, vein fillings, crusts in volcanic rocks. As sinter-like crusts in low- to medium temperature hydrothermal veins. Main constituent in silica-rich marine sedimentary rocks. As nodular concretions and layers in limestones and marls. As a metasomatic replacement in limestones and marls ("replacement chert"). As cement in sandstones. Replacing other minerals in pseudomorphoses. As a fossilizing material (petrified wood, coral agate).
Diapheny	Translucent
Tenacity	brittle
Colour	colorless, white, gray, blue, any color due to embedded minerals, multicolored specimen not uncommon.
Hardness (min)	6.5
Hardness (max)	7.0
About the name	Mentioned by Agricola (1546) of a stone named for the town of Chalcedon, now called Kadıköy, and is a district within the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
Streak	White
Cleavage Type	None Observed
Fracture type	Conchoidal,Sub-Conchoidal
Twinning	Quartz crystallites in the chalcedony fibers are polysynthetically twinned by the Brazil law (left- and right-handed domains).
UV	None in a pure specimen, however, green fluorescence in short-wave UV light is very common at many localities.
Comment Luster	vitreous when polished, fractured surfaces have a dull or waxy luster

Price: € 110

Dimensions: None mm x None mm x None mm

Weight: Not registered

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Symbol	Element
C	Carbon
Ca	Calcium
O	Oxygen
S	Sulfur
Si	Silicium

Anhydrite, Calcite and Chalcedony

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