Rhodochrosite, Quartz, Pyrite and Galena
| ID | 304 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral |
Rhodochrosite
Quartz Pyrite Galena |
|
| Location | Cavnic Mine - Cavnic - Maramures - Romania | |
| Fluorescence | LW-UV: close SW-UV: close |
|
| Mindat.org |
View Rhodochrosite information at mindat.org View Quartz information at mindat.org View Pyrite information at mindat.org View Galena information at mindat.org |
|
Mindat data
| ID | 3406 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3406:3 |
| Formula |
Mn(CO3)
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Low to moderate temperature hydrothermal veins, metamorphic deposits, carbonatites, sedimentary deposits. |
| Discovery Year | 1813 |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage |
On |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Pink, rose, red, yellowish-grey, brown, white, gray; colourless to pale rose in transmitted light |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.0 |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Named in 1813 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann from the Greek ρόδο, "rose", and χρώς, "coloring", referring to its color. |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Irregular/Uneven,Conchoidal |
| Morphology |
Crystals rhombohedral |
| Twinning |
On |
| UV | None. |
| Thermal Behaviour | Begins to dissociate at about 300˚ with the formation of CO2 and MnO. |
| shortcode_ima | Rds |
| Group | Calcite Group |
| ID | 3337 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3337:0 |
| Formula |
SiO2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Most of them... |
| Industrial | Ore for silicon, glassmaking, frequency standards, optical instruments, silica source for concrete setting, filtering agents as sand. A major component of sand. |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage |
The rhombohedral cleavage r |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Colorless, purple, rose, red, black, yellow, brown, green, blue, orange, etc. |
| Hardness (min) | 7.0 |
| Hardness (max) | 7.0 |
| Luminescence | Triboluminescent |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Quartz has been known and appreciated since pre-historic times. The most ancient name known is recorded by Theophrastus in about 300-325 BCE, κρύσταλλος or kristallos. The varietal names, rock crystal and bergcrystal, preserve the ancient usage. The root words κρύοσ signifying ice cold and στέλλειυ to contract (or solidify) suggest the ancient belief that kristallos was permanently solidified ice. The earliest printed use of "querz" was anonymously published in 1505, but attributed to a physician in Freiberg, Germany, Ulrich Rülein von Kalbe (a.k.a. Rülein von Calw, 1527). Agricola used the spelling "quarzum" (Agricola 1530) as well as "querze", but Agricola also referred to "crystallum", "silicum", "silex", and silice". Tomkeieff (1941) suggested an etymology for quartz: "The Saxon miners called large veins - Gänge, and the small cross veins or stringers - Querklüfte. The name ore (Erz, Ertz) was applied to the metallic minerals, the gangue or to the vein material as a whole. In the Erzgebirge, silver ore is frequently found in small cross veins composed of silica. It may be that this ore was called by the Saxon miners 'Querkluftertz' or the cross-vein-ore. Such a clumsy word as 'Querkluftertz' could easily be condensed to 'Querertz' and then to 'Quertz', and eventually become 'Quarz' in German, 'quarzum' in Latin and 'quartz' in English." Tomkeieff (1941, q.v.) noted that "quarz", in its various spellings, was not used by other noted contemporary authors. "Quarz" was used in later literature referring to the Saxony mining district, but seldom elsewhere. Gradually, there were more references to quartz: E. Brown in 1685 and Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. In 1669, Nicolaus Steno (Niels Steensen) obliquely formulated the concept of the constancy of interfacial angles in the caption of an illustration of quartz crystals. He referred to them as "cristallus" and "crystallus montium". Tomkeieff (1941) also noted that Erasmus Bartholinus (1669) used the various spellings for "crystal" to signify other species than quartz and that crystal could refer to other "angulata corpora" (bodies with angles): "In any case in the second half of the XVIIIth century quartz became established as a name of a particular mineral and the name crystal became a generic term synonymous with the old term 'corpus angulatum'." |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Conchoidal |
| Twinning | Dauphiné law. Brazil law. Japan law. Others for beta-quartz... |
| Thermal Behaviour | Transforms to beta-quartz at 573° C and 1 bar (100 kPa) pressure. |
| shortcode_ima | Qz |
| ID | 3314 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3314:1 |
| Formula |
FeS2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Common in many rock types, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | Indistinct on {001}. |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Pale brass-yellow |
| Hardness (min) | 6.0 |
| Hardness (max) | 6.5 |
| About the name | Named in antiquity from the Greek "pyr" for "fire", because sparks flew from it when struck with another mineral or metal. Known to Dioscorides (~50 CE) under the name "περι υληζ ιατρικηζ" which included both pyrite and chalcopyrite. |
| Streak | Greenish-black |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Irregular/Uneven,Conchoidal |
| Morphology | Typically cubic or pyritohedral (pentagonal dodecahedral), sometimes octahedral and combinations are common, resulting in striated faces. Less frequently octahedral, most commonly massive, granular, and sometimes radiating, reniform, discoidal or globular. |
| Twinning | On [110], interpenetrating ('Iron Cross Law'). Twin axis [001] and twin plane {011}, penetration and contact twins. Twinning on (111) was described by Nicol (1904), Goldschmidt and Nicol (1904) and Gaubert (1928), all of whom considered it rare. |
| UV | Not fluorescent in UV |
| Thermal Behaviour | Heated in a closed tube gives a sublimate of sulfur and a magnetic residue. |
| shortcode_ima | Py |
| Group | Pyrite Group |
| ID | 1641 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:1641:0 |
| Formula |
PbS
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Industrial | Principal ore of lead. Often contains silver and is a frequent ore of that metal as well. |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | {001} |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Lead-grey |
| Hardness (min) | 2.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 2.5 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named by Pliny the Elder in 77-79 from the Greek "galene" meaning "lead ore". |
| Streak | Lead-grey |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Sub-Conchoidal |
| Morphology | Cubes, octahedrons, cube-octahedron combinations and rarely dodecahedrons. Rarely, platy twins. |
| Twinning | Spinel-type {111}, lamellar {114} |
| UV | Not fluorescent in UV. |
| Thermal Behaviour | In an open tube, gives sulfurous fumes. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Gn |
| Group | Galena Group |
Details
Price: € 20
Dimensions: Not registered
Weight: 106 g
Visibile in overview:
Notes:
| Symbol | Element | |
|---|---|---|
| C | Carbon | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| O | Oxygen | |
| Pb | Lead |
|
| S | Sulfur | |
| Si | Silicium |