Galena, Chalcopyrite and Quartz
| ID | 623 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral |
Galena
Chalcopyrite Quartz |
|
| Location | Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown | |
| Fluorescence | LW-UV: close SW-UV: close |
|
| Mindat.org |
View Galena information at mindat.org View Chalcopyrite information at mindat.org View Quartz information at mindat.org |
|
Mindat data
| ID | 1641 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:1641:0 |
| Formula |
PbS
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Description | Galena Group. Galena is the primary ore mineral of lead. Worked for its lead and silver contents (the latter as minute inclusions of various silver sulphosalts) as early as 3000 BC, it is found in ore veins with sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, ten... |
| Industrial | Principal ore of lead. Often contains silver and is a frequent ore of that metal as well. |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | {001} |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Lead-grey |
| Hardness (min) | 2.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 2.5 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named by Pliny the Elder in 77-79 from the Greek "galene" meaning "lead ore". |
| Streak | Lead-grey |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Sub-Conchoidal |
| Morphology | Cubes, octahedrons, cube-octahedron combinations and rarely dodecahedrons. Rarely, platy twins. |
| Twinning | Spinel-type {111}, lamellar {114} |
| UV | Not fluorescent in UV. |
| Thermal Behaviour | In an open tube, gives sulfurous fumes. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Gn |
| Group | Galena Group |
| ID | 955 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:955:7 |
| Formula |
CuFeS2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Description | Chalcopyrite Group. Chalcopyrite-Eskebornite Series. A major ore of copper. Common in sulfide veins and disseminated in igneous rocks. Weathering may lead to the formation of malachite, azurite, brochantite, langite and numerous other secondary cop... |
| Other Occurrences | Chalcopyrite is a prevalent sulfide mineral in ore deposits and hosts various trace elements such as Ag, Co, As, Se, Sb, Te, Bi, etc. The variations in trace element contents, as well as Fe, S, and Cu isotopic compositions of chalcopyrite are controlled by a series of factors including metallogenic temperature and pressure, fluid compositions, metal sources, and sulfide equilibrium. Chalcopyrite is found in porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs), sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform Cu deposits (SSCs), iron oxide Cu-Au deposits (IOCGs), sedimentary exhalative deposits (SEDEXs), magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits (MSDs), and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (VMSs), etc. Different types of ore deposits show significantly distinct chalcopyrite geochemical characteristics. For example, in PCDs, chalcopyrite is notably enriched in Zn and Pb, with negative δ34S values (−2.1 ± 3.64 ‰, n = 32) due to sediment contributions. Positive δ65Cu values (1.5 ± 2.00 ‰, n = 140) indicate a mantle-crustal mixed source, while negative δ57Fe values (−4.3 ± 5.10 ‰, n = 32) likely result from Fe isotope fractionation during magnetite precipitation or continental crust contamination. In MSDs, Cr is the most enriched element, with positive δ34S values (1.0 ± 2.14 ‰, n = 185) and slightly negative δ⁶5Cu values (−0.46 ± 0.50 ‰, n = 52). Chalcopyrite in SSCs is enriched in Zn and As, characterized by negative δ34S (−3.6 ± 0.12 ‰, n = 190) and δ65Cu values (−0.59 ± 0.98 ‰, n = 118). [[1]] |
| Industrial | It is the principal ore of copper. |
| Discovery Year | 1725 |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | Indistinct on {011}, sometimes distinct. |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish. |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.0 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named in 1725 by Johann Friedrich Henckel from the Greek "chalkos", copper, and "pyrites", strike fire. |
| Streak | Greenish black |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Irregular/Uneven |
| Morphology | Typically found as equant to wedge-shaped pseudo-tetrahedral disphenoidal crystals, often modified by tetragonal scalenohedral faces. Mostly found massive or in disseminated grains and major deposits of such material are known. |
| Twinning | Twinned on {112} and {012}, penetration or cyclic. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Ccp |
| Group | Chalcopyrite Group |
| ID | 3337 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3337:0 |
| Formula |
SiO2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Description | Quartz is one of the most common minerals found in the Earth's crust. If pure, quartz forms colourless, transparent and very hard crystals with a glass-like lustre. A significant component of many igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, this natura... |
| Other Occurrences | Most of them... |
| Industrial | Ore for silicon, glassmaking, frequency standards, optical instruments, silica source for concrete setting, filtering agents as sand, fracing sand used in oil production. A major component of sand. High purity quartz is used as an ore for creating sili |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage |
The rhombohedral cleavage r |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Colorless, purple, rose, red, black, yellow, brown, green, blue, orange, etc. |
| Hardness (min) | 7.0 |
| Hardness (max) | 7.0 |
| Luminescence | Triboluminescent |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Quartz has been known and appreciated since pre-historic times. The most ancient name known is recorded by Theophrastus in about 300-325 BCE, κρύσταλλος or kristallos. The varietal names, rock crystal and Bergkristall (German), preserve the ancient usage. The root words κρύοσ signifying ice-cold and στέλλειυ to contract (or solidify) suggest the ancient belief that kristallos was permanently solidified ice. The earliest printed use of "querz" was anonymously published in 1505, but attributed to a physician in Freiberg, Germany, Ulrich Rülein von Kalbe (a.k.a. Rülein von Calw, 1527). Agricola used the spelling "quarzum" (Agricola, 1530) as well as "querze", but Agricola also referred to "crystallum", "silicum", "silex", and silice". Tomkeieff (1941) suggested an etymology for quartz: "The Saxon miners called large veins - Gänge, and the small cross veins or stringers - Querklüfte. The name ore (Erz, Ertz) was applied to the metallic minerals, the gangue or to the vein material as a whole. In the Erzgebirge, silver ore is frequently found in small cross veins composed of silica. It may be that this ore was called by the Saxon miners 'Querkluftertz' or the cross-vein-ore. Such a clumsy word as 'Querkluftertz' could easily be condensed to 'Querertz' and then to 'Quertz', and eventually become 'Quarz' in German, 'quarzum' in Latin and 'quartz' in English." Tomkeieff (1941, q.v.) noted that "quarz", in its various spellings, was not used by other noted contemporary authors. "Quarz" was used in later literature referring to the Saxony mining district, but seldom elsewhere. Gradually, there were more references to quartz: E. Brown in 1685 and Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. In 1669, Nicolaus Steno (Niels Steensen) obliquely formulated the concept of the constancy of interfacial angles in the caption of an illustration of quartz crystals. He referred to them as "cristallus" and "crystallus montium". Tomkeieff (1941) also noted that Erasmus Bartholinus (1669) used the various spellings for "crystal" to signify other species than quartz and that crystal could refer to other "angulata corpora" (bodies with angles): "In any case in the second half of the XVIIIth century quartz became established as a name of a particular mineral and the name crystal became a generic term synonymous with the old term 'corpus angulatum'." |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Conchoidal |
| Twinning | Dauphiné law. [[1]] Brazil law. Japan law. Others for beta-quartz... |
| Thermal Behaviour | Transforms to beta-quartz at 573° C and 1 bar (100 kPa) pressure. |
| shortcode_ima | Qz |
| Group | Silica |
Details
Price: € 5
Dimensions: Not registered
Weight: Not registered
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Notes:
| Symbol | Element | |
|---|---|---|
| Cu | Copper | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| O | Oxygen | |
| Pb | Lead |
|
| S | Sulfur | |
| Si | Silicium |