Galena, Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite and Siderite
| ID | 585 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral |
Galena
Sphalerite Chalcopyrite Siderite |
|
| Location | Madan - Smolyan - Bulgaria | |
| Fluorescence | LW-UV: close SW-UV: close |
|
| Mindat.org |
View Galena information at mindat.org View Sphalerite information at mindat.org View Chalcopyrite information at mindat.org View Siderite information at mindat.org |
|
Mindat data
| ID | 1641 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:1641:0 |
| Formula |
PbS
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Industrial | Principal ore of lead. Often contains silver and is a frequent ore of that metal as well. |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | {001} |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Lead-grey |
| Hardness (min) | 2.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 2.5 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named by Pliny the Elder in 77-79 from the Greek "galene" meaning "lead ore". |
| Streak | Lead-grey |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Sub-Conchoidal |
| Morphology | Cubes, octahedrons, cube-octahedron combinations and rarely dodecahedrons. Rarely, platy twins. |
| Twinning | Spinel-type {111}, lamellar {114} |
| UV | Not fluorescent in UV. |
| Thermal Behaviour | In an open tube, gives sulfurous fumes. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Gn |
| Group | Galena Group |
| ID | 3727 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3727:9 |
| Formula |
ZnS
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Discovery Year | 1847 |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage | Perfect {011} |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Yellow, light to dark brown, black, red-brown, colourless, light blue. green |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.0 |
| Luminescence | Fluorescent and triboluminescent |
| Lustre | Resinous |
| About the name | Originally called blende in 1546 by Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer). Known by a variety of chemical-based names subsequent to Agricola and before Glocker, including "zincum". Named Sphalerite in 1847 by Ernst Friedrich Glocker from the Greek σφαλεροζ "sphaleros" = treacherous, in allusion to the ease with which dark varieties were mistaken for galena, but yielded no lead. |
| Streak | Pale yellow to brown. |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Conchoidal |
| Twinning | {111} |
| UV | Light colored sphalerite may fluoresce in blue or orange in LW. Fluoresces less strongly, sometimes not at all, in SW or MW. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Sp |
| Group | Sphalerite Group |
| ID | 955 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:955:7 |
| Formula |
CuFeS2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | It is the most abundant copper-bearing mineral and is widespread. It is a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins, disseminations, and massive replacements; the principal copper mineral of porphyry copper deposits. |
| Industrial | It is the principal ore of copper. |
| Discovery Year | 1725 |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Cleavage | Indistinct on {011}, sometimes distinct. |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish. |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.0 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named in 1725 by Johann Friedrich Henckel from the Greek "chalkos", copper, and "pyrites", strike fire. |
| Streak | Greenish black |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Irregular/Uneven |
| Morphology | Typically found as equant to wedge-shaped pseudo-tetrahedral dispenoidal crystals, often modified by tetragonal scalenohedral faces. Mostly found massive or in disseminated grains and major deposits of such material are known. |
| Twinning | Twinned on {112} and {012}, penetration or cyclic. |
| key_elements |
0 |
| shortcode_ima | Ccp |
| Group | Chalcopyrite Group |
| ID | 3647 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3647:0 |
| Formula |
Fe(CO3)
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Most often found in bedded sedimentary deposits with a biological component, with shales, clays and coal beds - suggesting that the siderite is biogenically created under low-oxygen and low-Ph conditions. It is also found in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks as more massively crystalline material, as a primary gangue mineral in hydrothermal deposits, and in pegmatites, including nepheline syenite pegmatites; as bog deposits. |
| Industrial | An ore of iron when found in sufficient volumes to be economically recoverable. |
| Diapheny | Translucent |
| Cleavage |
Perfect on |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Yellowish-brown to greyish-brown, pale yellow to tannish, grey, brown, green, red, black and, rarely, colourless; tarnished iridescent at times; colourless to yellow and yellow-brown in transmitted light. |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.5 |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger from the Greek "σίδηρος" (sideros), "iron", in allusion to its composition. |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Irregular/Uneven,Conchoidal |
| Morphology |
Crystals usually rhombohedral |
| Twinning |
On |
| shortcode_ima | Sd |
| Group | Calcite Group |
Details
Price: € 900
Dimensions: Not registered
Weight: Not registered
Visibile in overview:
Notes:
| Symbol | Element | |
|---|---|---|
| C | Carbon | |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| O | Oxygen | |
| Pb | Lead |
|
| S | Sulfur | |
| Zn | Zinc |