Emerald, Quartz, Flogopite and Pyrrhotite
| ID | 482 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral |
Emerald
Quartz Flogopite Pyrrhotite |
|
| Location | Dayakou Mine - Malipo - Yunnan - China | |
| Fluorescence | LW-UV: close SW-UV: close |
|
| Mindat.org |
View Emerald information at mindat.org View Quartz information at mindat.org View Flogopite information at mindat.org View Pyrrhotite information at mindat.org |
|
Mindat data
| ID | 1375 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:1375:4 |
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Variety of | 819 |
| Entry type | 2 |
| Description | A green gem variety of beryl, highly sought after as a precious gemstone. The majority of the world's gem-quality emeralds come from the Muzo area of Colombia. The colour of emerald is caused by trace amounts of a chromophore such as trivalent chro... |
| Hardness (min) | 7.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 8.0 |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Emerald has priority over beryl as a mineral name. Emerald was known in antiquity and was prized as a gem. In the 1790s, Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, the discoverer of chromium, demonstrated that emerald and beryl were essentially the same chemical compound and that emeralds, sensu strictu, contained chromium. Nonetheless, emerald continued to be listed as the preferred species name for many decades and emerald finally began to be used as a variety name for beryl by the 1830s. New emerald reports referring to ordinary green or even blue beryl persisted in the amateur literature into the twentieth century. In the latter twentieth century, it was discovered that some emeralds contain more vanadium than chromium. |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| key_elements |
0 |
| ID | 3337 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3337:0 |
| Formula |
SiO2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Most of them... |
| Industrial | Ore for silicon, glassmaking, frequency standards, optical instruments, silica source for concrete setting, filtering agents as sand. A major component of sand. |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage |
The rhombohedral cleavage r |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Colour | Colorless, purple, rose, red, black, yellow, brown, green, blue, orange, etc. |
| Hardness (min) | 7.0 |
| Hardness (max) | 7.0 |
| Luminescence | Triboluminescent |
| Lustre | Vitreous |
| About the name | Quartz has been known and appreciated since pre-historic times. The most ancient name known is recorded by Theophrastus in about 300-325 BCE, κρύσταλλος or kristallos. The varietal names, rock crystal and bergcrystal, preserve the ancient usage. The root words κρύοσ signifying ice cold and στέλλειυ to contract (or solidify) suggest the ancient belief that kristallos was permanently solidified ice. The earliest printed use of "querz" was anonymously published in 1505, but attributed to a physician in Freiberg, Germany, Ulrich Rülein von Kalbe (a.k.a. Rülein von Calw, 1527). Agricola used the spelling "quarzum" (Agricola 1530) as well as "querze", but Agricola also referred to "crystallum", "silicum", "silex", and silice". Tomkeieff (1941) suggested an etymology for quartz: "The Saxon miners called large veins - Gänge, and the small cross veins or stringers - Querklüfte. The name ore (Erz, Ertz) was applied to the metallic minerals, the gangue or to the vein material as a whole. In the Erzgebirge, silver ore is frequently found in small cross veins composed of silica. It may be that this ore was called by the Saxon miners 'Querkluftertz' or the cross-vein-ore. Such a clumsy word as 'Querkluftertz' could easily be condensed to 'Querertz' and then to 'Quertz', and eventually become 'Quarz' in German, 'quarzum' in Latin and 'quartz' in English." Tomkeieff (1941, q.v.) noted that "quarz", in its various spellings, was not used by other noted contemporary authors. "Quarz" was used in later literature referring to the Saxony mining district, but seldom elsewhere. Gradually, there were more references to quartz: E. Brown in 1685 and Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. In 1669, Nicolaus Steno (Niels Steensen) obliquely formulated the concept of the constancy of interfacial angles in the caption of an illustration of quartz crystals. He referred to them as "cristallus" and "crystallus montium". Tomkeieff (1941) also noted that Erasmus Bartholinus (1669) used the various spellings for "crystal" to signify other species than quartz and that crystal could refer to other "angulata corpora" (bodies with angles): "In any case in the second half of the XVIIIth century quartz became established as a name of a particular mineral and the name crystal became a generic term synonymous with the old term 'corpus angulatum'." |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage Type | Poor/Indistinct |
| Fracture type | Conchoidal |
| Twinning | Dauphiné law. Brazil law. Japan law. Others for beta-quartz... |
| Thermal Behaviour | Transforms to beta-quartz at 573° C and 1 bar (100 kPa) pressure. |
| shortcode_ima | Qz |
| ID | 3193 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3193:2 |
| Formula |
KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Other Occurrences | Contact and regional metamorphic limestones and dolomites, ultramafic rocks. |
| Discovery Year | 1841 |
| Diapheny | Transparent,Translucent |
| Cleavage | on {0001} |
| Tenacity | flexible |
| Colour | Brown, gray, green, yellow, or reddish brown |
| Hardness (min) | 2.0 |
| Hardness (max) | 3.0 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Vitreous - Pearly |
| About the name | Named in 1841 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt from the Greek φλογωποζ "phlogopos" for "resembling fire", in allusion to the red tint of the original specimens. |
| Streak | White |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Cleavage Type | Perfect |
| Fracture type | Micaceous |
| Morphology | Six sided crystals, thick tabular to prismatic, commonly tapered. |
| Twinning | Composition plane {001}, twin axis [310] |
| Comment Luster | sub-metallic on cleavage |
| shortcode_ima | Phl |
| Group | Biotite |
| ID | 3328 |
|---|---|
| Long ID | 1:1:3328:8 |
| Formula |
Fe7S8
|
| IMA Status |
0 1 |
| Discovery Year | 1835 |
| Diapheny | Opaque |
| Colour | Bronze brown, bronze red, or dark brown |
| Hardness (min) | 3.5 |
| Hardness (max) | 4.0 |
| Luminescence | None |
| Lustre | Metallic |
| About the name | Named in 1847 by Ours-Pierre-Armand Petit-Dufrénoy from Greek πνρρός "pyrrhos", flame-colored. |
| Streak | Dark grayish black |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Cleavage Type | None Observed |
| Fracture type | Sub-Conchoidal |
| Morphology | Tabular or platy. |
| Twinning |
On |
| UV | Not fluorescent in UV |
| shortcode_ima | Pyh |
| Group | Pyrrhotite Group |
Details
MinID: 53G-E9H
Price: € 50
Dimensions: 100 mm x 50 mm x 90 mm
Weight: Not registered
Visibile in overview:
Notes:
None
| Symbol | Element | |
|---|---|---|
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Be | Beryllium |
|
| Fe | Iron | |
| H | Hydrogen | |
| K | Potassium | |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| O | Oxygen | |
| S | Sulfur | |
| Si | Silicium |